Alexandr Bakulev
Aleksandr Bakulev was a Soviet scientist, surgeon and one of the founders of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR. He was a Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Academician and President of the Academy of Medical Sciences and an Honored Scientist of the USSR.
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Bakulev was born in a small village in the Vyatka (now Kirov) region. His parents were peasants. In 1911, after graduating from a classical school, Bakulev entered the Medical Department of the Saratov University. In 1915 he graduated from the university. It was the time of World War I and the Russian army was in need of doctors. Bakulev was sent to the Western Front immediately after graduation. For nearly three years he served as a junior doctor in regimental hospitals. In 1918 he received a medical degree from the Saratov University. When the Civil War (1918-1922) between the Red Army and the White Guard broke out in Russia, Bakulev was called up for the Red Army. In 1922, after demobilization, he returned to Saratov. There he worked as an intern, then assistant at the clinic of hospital surgery. The director of the clinic was Bakulev’s teacher Sergey Spasokukotsky.
Bakulev studied purulent diseases of the pleura. He made a bold surgery for removing the tumor mediastinum. In a hospital surgical clinic in Saratov, Bakulev, for the first time in the USSR, used a radiopaque substance in the surgery of kidney and ureter transplants. He developed original methods of plasty of the esophagus , held restorative and reconstructive operations on the biliary tract and developed methods for the surgical treatment of peptic ulcers.
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